The Relationship between Growth Mindset and Student engagement in Project-Based Learning at Padang State University

Authors

  • Mega Larasati Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Dr. Farah Aulia, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psikolog Padang State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62260/causalita.v3i1.437

Keywords:

Growth mindset, Student engagement, Project-Based Learning, Students

Abstract

In higher education, student engagement is a crucial factor influencing the effectiveness of learning, especially within project-based learning environments that require active participation. One internal factor that is believed to contribute to student engagement is the growth mindset. This study aims to examine the relationship between growth mindset and student engagement among university students in project-based learning at Universitas Negeri Padang. This research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational method. A total of 407 students participated in the study, selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The instruments used were the student engagement scale and the growth mindset scale. Data analysis using the Spearman correlation test revealed a significant positive relationship between growth mindset and student engagement (r = 0.704, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that students with a stronger growth mindset tend to exhibit higher levels of engagement in project-based learning. Therefore, learning approaches that promote a growth-oriented mindset in the classroom such as providing feedback focused on process and effort, facilitating discussion spaces, and creating a reflective classroom environment should be strengthened to optimize student engagement in PBL

References

Abla, C., & Fraumeni, B. R. (2019). Student Engagement: Evidence-Based Strategies to Boost Academic and Social-Emotional Results. McREL International.

Adam, M. H. B., & Panatik, S. A. B. (2021). Influence of Mindset on Intellectual Performance. Psycho Idea, 19(2), 127-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30595/psychoidea.v19i2.10829

Ainni, S. A. (2021). Hubungan Growth Mindset dengan Penyesuaian Diri pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama di Universitas Negeri Padang. (Skripsi Sarjana, Universitas Negeri Padang).

Aslamawati, Y., Enoch & Halimi, A. (2015). Hubungan college engagement dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa muslim di Bandung. Jurnal ilmiah psikologi. Vol 2, No 1, 25-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v2i1.444

Asriyanti, R. D., & Aslamawati, Y. (2021). Pengaruh self-regulated learning terhadap student engagement mahasiswa hubungan internasional di Bandung. Prosiding Psikologi, 334-339. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.28331

Axelson, R. D., & Flick, A. (2010). Defining student engagement. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 43(1), 38–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2011.533096

Ayoola, F. W., & Ibrahim, A. (2024). Students’ growth mindset: potential asset in fostering educational equity. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(6), 523-533. DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61429

Aziziy, Y. N., Wahyudi, W., Araniri, N., Wardhani, R. D. K., Ki'i, O. A., Effendi, E., ... & Norman, E. (2024). Project-Based Learning dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. Penerbit Mifandi Mandiri Digital, 1(01).

Azwar, S. (2015). Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.

Azwar, S. (2017). Metode Penelitian Psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Budiastuti, D., & Bandur, A. (2018). Validitas dan Reliabilitas Penelitian. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.

Cavanagh, A. J., Chen, X., Bathgate, M., Frederick, J., Hanauer, D. I., & Graham, M. J. (2018). Trust, growth mindset, and student commitment to active learning in a college science course. CBE Life Sciences Education, 17(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-06-0107

Chen, S., Ding, Y., & Liu, X. (2023). Development of the growth mindset scale: evidence of structural validity, measurement model, direct and indirect effects in Chinese samples. Current Psychology, 42(3), 1712-1726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01532-x

Cutumisu, M., & Lou, N. M. (2020). The moderating effect of mindset on the relationship between university students’ critical feedback-seeking and learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 112(June). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106445

Darmuki, A., & Hidayati, N. A. (2023). Model Project based learning untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 9(1), 15-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i1.3064

Dharmayana, I. W., Kumara, A., & Wirawan, Y. G. (2012). Keterlibatan siswa (student engagement) sebagai mediator kompetensi emosi dan prestasi akademik. Jurnal Psikologi, 39(1), 76-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.6968

Doppelt, Y. (2003). Implementation and assessment of project-based learning in a flexible environment. International journal of technology and design education, 13, 255-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026125427344

Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset-The New Psychology of Success. New York: Random House.

Dweck, C. S. (2015). Carol Dweck revisits the growth mindset. Education week, 35(5), 20-24.

Dweck, C. S., Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2014). Academic tenacity: Mindsets and skills that promote long-term learning. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Dweck, C. S., & Yeager, D. S. (2019). Mindsets: A view from two eras. Perspectives on Psychological science, 14(3), 481-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618804166

Eisenman, J. (2024). Using Growth Mindset to Improve Classroom Management. Childhood Education, 100(3), 18–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2024.2349502

Farida, M. K., Setyosari, P., & Aulia, F. (2024). Analisis keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran berbasis proyek. JKTP: Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 7(3), 172–181. DOI: 10.17977/um038v7i32024p172

Fatimah, L. S., & Saptandari, E. W. (2022). Peran growth mindset dan dukungan orang tua terhadap keterlibatan siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 11(1), 58-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v11i1.5773

Flanigan, A. E., Peteranetz, M. S., Shell, D. F., & Soh, L.-K. (2017). Implicit intelligence beliefs of computer science students: Exploring change across the semester. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 48, 179–196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.10.003

Fletcher, A. (2015). Meaningful Student Involvement: Guide to Students as Partners in School Change. Olympia, WA: The Freechild Project; 2005: 4.

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74, 59e109. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059

Fredricks, J.A., Filsecher, M., Lawson, M.A., (2016). Student engagement, context, and adjustment: Addressing definitional, measurement, and methodological issues. Elsevier: Learning and Instruction, 4 (30959-4752). 1-4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.02.002

Gary, K. (2015). Project-Based Learning. Computer, 48(9), 98–100. doi: 10.1109/MC.2015.268

Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi analisis multivariete dengan program ibm spss 23. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Ginanjar, H., Septiana, T., Ginanjar, D., Agustin, S., PPKn, P. S., & Sukabumi, S. P. (2021). Keberhasilan implementasi pembelajaran berbasis proyek: Faktor-faktor kunci dalam proses pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 5(2), 5542-5548. ISSN: 2614-3097(online)

Hafsah, H., Bismala, L., Firmansyah, N. A., Handayani, S., Siregar, G., Andriany, D., Hasibuan, L. S., & Siregar, H. S. (2024). Pengaruh Self-Regulated Learning Terhadap Student Engagement Dalam Menghadapi E-Learning Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Diversita, 10(1), 63-71. DOI: 10.31289/diversita.v10i1.11684

Hisyam, R. A. M., Salwa, A. F., Fadila, A., Alvianda, E. N. N., Nova, M. A., & Maulidani, S. I. (2023). Gambaran Student Engagement dalam Pembelajaran di Perguruan Tinggi. IBERS: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia Bermutu, 2(1), 30-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61648/ibers.v2i1.21

Hyde, C. E. (2009). The relationship between teacher assessment practices, student goal orientation, and student engagement in elementary mathematics (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California).

Jach, H. K., Sun, J., Loton, D., Chin, T. C., & Waters, L. E. (2017). Strengths and subjective wellbeing in adolescence: Strength-based parenting and the moderating effect of mindset. Journal of Happiness Studies,19(2), 567-586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9841-y

Kerr, V., Sheridan, P., & Moore, E. (2024). A Socio-Emotional Framework to Understand Engagement in Engineering Student Project-Teams. Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24908/pceea.2023.17083

Kizilcec, R. F., & Goldfarb, D. (2019). Growth mindset predicts student achievement and behavior in mobile learning. Proceedings of the 6th 2019 ACM Conference on Learning at Scale, LAS 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3330430.3333632

Kuh, G. D. (2009). The national survey of student engagement: Conceptual and empirical foundations. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2009(141), 5–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.283

Lailiyah, L. M., Burhani, M. I., & Mahanani, P. A. R. (2017). Hubungan antara iklim sekolah dengan keterlibatan siswa dalam belajar. Happiness: Journal of Psychology and Islamic Science, 1(1), 31-38.

Lam, W. C., King, R. B., Yeung, S. S. S., & Zhoc, C. H. (2022). Mind-sets in Early Childhood: The Relations Among Growth Mindset, Engagement and Well-Being Among First Grade Students. Early Education and Development, 34(6), 1325–1340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2022.2126656

Laudya, D., & Savitri, J. (2020). Pengaruh School Climate terhadap School Engagement pada Siswa SMA “X” Kota Bandung. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 4(3), 239-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v4i3.2765

Li, H (2023) Perceived teacher-student relationship and growth mindset as predictors of student engagement in foreign student engagement in foreign language learning: the mediating role of foreign language enjoyment. Front Psychol. 14:1177223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177223

Ma, W., Yang, W., & Bu, Q. (2024). Interconnected factors in EFL engagement: classroom climate, growth mindset, and achievement goals. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1353360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1353360

Maharani, T. E. D., & Utami, L. H. (2024). Pengaruh Peer Support terhadap Student Engagement pada Siswa SMA: Peran Mediasi oleh School Well-Being. Jurnal Psikologi Talenta Mahasiswa, 3(4), 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/jtm.v3i4.58865

Mahidhika, K. R., & Fathiyah, K. N. (2022). Hubungan growth mindset dengan perilaku kepemimpinan pada mahasiswa. Acta Psychologia, 4(1), 11-20. DOI: 10.21831/ap.v4i1.51706

Mariya, L., Ningrum, D. C., Kusuma, A. E., Sya’ban, M. F., Inayah, S., Susanto, E., ... & Yani, F. (2024). Pembelajaran berbasis proyek di perguruan tinggi: Teori dan Praktik. EDUPEDIA Publisher, 1-183.

Marks, H. M. (2000). Student engagement in instructional activity: Patterns in the elementary, middle, and high school years. American educational research journal, 37(1), 153-184. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312037001153

Mentari, W. N., & Syarifuddin, H. (2020). Improving student engagement by mathematics learning based on contextual teaching and learning. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1554(1) DOI: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1554/1/012003/meta

Mihardi, S., Harahap, M. B., & Sani, R. A. (2013). The effect of project-based learning model with kwl worksheet on student creative thinking process in physics problems. Journal of education and practice, 4(25), 188-200. ISSN 2222-2855.

Miranti, F. C., Suwarni, E., & Rahmawati, Y. M. (2021). Pengaruh dukungan sosial orangtua terhadap student engagement pada siswa remaja di SMK XYZ. (Discussion Paper. Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta).

Mohamoud, A. M. (2024). The Impact of Growth Mindset Interventions on Students’ Motivation, Resilience, and Academic Achievement. Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU), 2(1), 102-125. https://doi.org/10.59336/7adj0850

Mrazek, A. J., Ihm, E. D., Molden, D. C., Mrazek, M. D., Zedelius, C. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2018). Expanding minds: Growth mindsets of self-regulation and the influences on effort and perseverance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 164-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.07.003

Muchtar, Z., Mora, L., & Sadijah, N. A. (2022). Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Terhadap Student Engagement Pada Siswa/Siswi Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ijtihad Bungursari Tasikmalaya. Empowerment Jurnal Mahasiswa Psikologi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, 2(3), 13-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51849/sl.v4i3.301

Nainggolan, R., Harefa, S., Limbong, N., Simbolon, E. T., & Naibaho, F. R. (2024). Analisis Pentingnya Growth Mindset bagi Anak Sekolah yang Beragama Kristen Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Bakti Raja Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Tri Tunggal: Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen dan Katolik, 2(2), 106-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61132/tritunggal.v2i2.255

Nasril, N. N. (2023). Urgensi Mindset Tumbuh (Growth Mindset) Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik. SALIHA: Jurnal Pendidikan & Agama Islam, 6(2), 355-369. doi: 10.54396/saliha.v6i2.694

Ng, B. (2018). The neuroscience of growth mindset and intrinsic motivation. Brain Sciences, 8(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8020020

Pamungkas, T. A. P. (2021). Pengaruh motivasi berprestasi terhadap student engagement mahasiswa bk UNY. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling, 7(2), 126-136.

Pohl, A. J., & Nelson, J. A. G. (2020). Promoting Growth Mindset to Foster Cognitive Engagement. Student Engagement: Effective Academic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Affective Interventions at School, 293-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37285-9_16

Pratiwi, C. P. K. K., & Aulianti, J. E. (2024). Pengaruh Academic Self Concept terhadap Student Engagement pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas “X” Bandung. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 8(2), 129-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v8i2.7944

Putri, D. E., & Alwi, M. A. (2023). Pengaruh Academic Self-Efficacy Terhadap Student Engagement Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Negeri Makassar. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10214261

Putri, N. A., & Wilman, A. T. (2023). Perbandingan Antara Growth Mindset Dan Fixed Mindset Dampaknya Pada Prestasi Akademik. MUNTAZAM, 4(01), 51-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/muntazam.v4i01.9497

Raida, S. A., & Ardianti, S. D. (2024). PjBL online in ecological learning to improve student's problem-solving skills. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/thabiea.v7i1.20193

Reeve, J., & Tseng, C. M. (2011). Agency as a fourth aspect of students’ engagement during learning activities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002

Rina, A., Apriyanti, R. A., & Marsha, G. C. (2024). Pengaruh Teacher Support terhadap Student Engagement Siswa di SMAN X. Liberosis: Jurnal Psikologi Dan Bimbingan Konseling, 4(3), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.3287/liberosis.v4i3.4660

Sandra Christenson, L. And Amy L. Reschly. (2018). Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. New York: Dordrecht Heidelberg London.

Sari, R. P., Holilulloh, H., & Yanzi, H. (2015). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola pikir masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pendidikan di desa Cugung (Doctoral dissertation, Lampung University).

Sarwar, M. N., Kulsoom, S., & Ullah, S. (2023). Development and Validation of Lesson Plans based on Growth Mindset Activities. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 4(3), 120-130. doi: 10.47205/jdss.2023(4-iii)13

Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 33(5), 464-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003

Schmidt, J. A., Shumow, L., & Kackar-Cam, H. Z. (2016). Does mindset intervention predict students’ daily experience in classrooms? A comparison of seventh and ninth graders’ trajectories. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(3), 582–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0489-z

Sembiring, T. (2017). Konstruksi alat ukur mindset. Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi), 1(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v1i1.402

Setiawan, L., Wardani, N. S., & Permana, T. I. (2021). Peningkatan kreativitas siswa pada pembelajaran tematik menggunakan pendekatan project-based learning. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(4), 1879-1887

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif. (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D). Bandung: Alfabeta.

Trowler, V. (2010). Students Engagement Literature Review. The Higher Education Academy.

Viña, M. T., Mamalampay, S. M., Mascud, M. S., Liscano, M. A. R., & Quiñones, R. O. (2022). Growth mindset in English language learning of college students. European Journal of English Language Teaching, 7(4). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejel.v7i4.4422

Wahidah, F. R. N., & Royanto, L. R. (2021). Growth Mindset Leads Grittier Students. Sains Humanika, 13(2-3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v13n2-3.1921

Wang, K. B. (2013). The impact of gender and emotional intelligence on career commitment among senior undergraduate hotel management majors in Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Southern University).

Umamah, C., & Andi, H. J. (2018). The Effect Of Project Based Learning As Learning Innovation in Applied Physics. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Research, Implementation, and Education of Mathematics and Science (ICRIEMS), Yogyakarta, Indonesia (7-8).

Wurdinger, S., & Qureshi, M. (2015). Enhancing college students’ life skills through project-based learning. Innovative Higher Education, 40, 279-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-014-9314-3

Xiao, F., Zhang, Z., Zhou, J., Wu, H., Zhang, L., Lin, M., & Hu, L. (2023). The relationship between a growth mindset and the learning engagement of nursing students: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurse Education in Practice, 73, 103796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103796

Yeager, D. S., & Dweck, C. S. (2012). Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed. Educational Psychologist, 47(4), 302–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2012.722805

Zariayufa, K., Cahyadi, S., & Witriani, W. (2022). Peran Dukungan Orang Tua, Guru & Teman Sebaya terhadap Keterlibatan Siswa SMK dalam Pembelajaran Daring. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 8(3), 973–980. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v8i3.3018

Zeng, G., Hou, H., & Peng, K. (2016). Effect of growth mindset on school engagement and psychological well-being of Chinese primary and middle school students: The mediating role of resilience. Frontire Pychology. 7:1873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01873

Zhao, H., Xiong, J., Zhang, Z., & Qi, C. (2021). Growth mindset and college students’ learning engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A serial mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 621094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621094

Zhao, S., Yu, C., Jin, L., & Lin, D. (2024). Helping students to face academic failures: Evaluation of a growth mindset intervention among primary school students in China. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 16(2), 397-420. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12496

Zurriyati, E., & Mudjiran, M. (2021). Kontribusi perhatian orang tua dan motivasi belajar terhadap keterlibatan siswa dalam belajar (student engagement) di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(3), 1555-1563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i3.889

Downloads

Published

2025-07-14